Terms

• Activities or decisions (Sankhara): This is a complex term which, depending on context, I translate it as decisions (if its dealing with the khanda of sankhara) or activity for the more general usage, meaning things which are “put together” or “constructed”. 
• Aids to Awakening (bojjhangas)
• Awareness (Viññana): A complex term that means both awareness of sense data and a sense of discernment. It is also a synonym for “citta” in some cases. Usually translated as “consciousness” or “discernment”.
• Buddha: Lit. “Awakened one”, who has attained awakening (bodhi), usually the historical figure of Gautama a.k.a. Sakyamuni, “the sage of the Sakya clan”.
• Carefulness (Appamada), being cautious, avoiding unwholesome things.
• Serenity (Upekkha): Often translated as "equanimity". 
• Chains (Samyojana): Also known as “fetters”. They are the qualities which shackle and tie down a being in the cycle of suffering.
• Dharma (Dhamma, singular, capitalized): (1) The teaching or doctrine of the Buddha. (2) The Way to be followed by trainees and seekers. (3) The ultimate truth / universal law. It is left untranslated as it now is a common word in English Language dictionaries and it is a central term in Indian religions. Merriam Webster defines it as “the basic principles of cosmic or individual existence : divine law”. 
• Principles (dharmas): Natural phenomena, universal principles or laws, regular patterns of reality.
• Dependent arising (Paticca-samuppada): Also known as: conditioned arising, interdependent origination, dependent co-arising, etc. It refers to a general principle of conditionality (when x exists, y arises…) and to a particular analysis of this (the 12 “links”).
• Dangers (Adinava)
• Seeker (bhikkhu): Literally means “beggar” (for food or alms). Often translated as monk or monastic, though sometimes it is said in the commentaries that it can refer to a Buddhist practitioner. I have translated it as seeker since it could be understood as a “seeker for alms” and also as a serious Buddhist spiritual seeker.
• Hesitation (Vicikiccha). One of the chains. Most often translated as “doubt”, but I feel it is less intellectual or belief based and more action based, hence “hesitation.”
• Nirvana: Literally means “blowing out” or quenching (as in a fire going out), the final goal of the spiritual path taught by the Buddha. 
• Lucid unification (Samadhi): A clear and elevated state of awareness (-dhi) which is calm and collected (sam-). A vast, still and clear state of mind. Also translated as: immersion, absorption, concentration, or stillness.
• Grasping (Upadana)
• Five heaps (Khanda). Five elements of a personality, also known as “aggregates.”
• Poison (Asava): That which flows into our minds and pollutes or poisons them, and can also flow out of our minds and cause suffering and poison the minds of others. Also known as: outflows, influxes, or cankers.
• Not self (Anatta), the idea there is no such thing as an enduring, unchanging, or permanent self, nothing which is an eternal essence or substance. Also refers to the experience of letting go of the sense of ownership or control.
• Laziness and drowsiness (thina-middha): Usual translation is “sloth and torpor.”
• Love (Metta): Usually translated as “loving-kindness”, but generally just means acting towards someone with an affectionate, warm and good natured heart. It is clearly not romantic or erotic love however (i.e. Eros) but a friendly love (Philia or Agape).
• Feeling tone (Vedana): This is how one experiences phenomena as pleasurable, unpleasurable, or neither; the basic inner sense of like or dislike. Usually translated as just “feeling” but this word often has connotations of emotions and beliefs in English. These are not vedana, which refers to the positive or negative valence of different sensations.
• Caring (Karuna): A kind and caring attitude that seeks to help others. Usually translated as “compassion”, but it does not mean “suffering with” or “feeling bad for”, in fact it shares the same root as karma and thus is more actively doing things for others, hence caring. 
• Liberation (Vimutti)
• Clear knowing (Sampajañña): An understanding of how things work, their relationships among each other, how suitable certain actions or events are in affecting the whole situation. It is an awareness of the nature of things and how they behave sequentially and also how they affect each other in the moment.
• Meditation (Jhana): Also known as “absorption,” it refers to powerful meditative states (the "four jhanas") and to meditative practice.
• Multiplication of ideas (Prapañca): Often translated as “Conceptual Proliferation.”
• Wholesome/unwholesome (Kusala, akusala): Also translated as skillful/unskillful. 
• Subconscious habits (Anusaya): Also translated as “latent tendencies”.
• Oneness of mind (Ekagatta): Usually translated as “one-pointed”, but it really means a mind which is great and which is united or brought to oneness (eka).
• Trust (Saddha). Usually translated as faith, but the associations of faith in English is often monotheistic, therefore “trust.”
• Heart-mind, Mind (Citta): A term that refers to the total emotive and the cognitive space of experience. Most translators use mind or heart, but both are limited. I follow some English language translators and commentators on Chinese texts who have begun using the compound “heart-mind” to translate xin (心), which has similar connotations to citta (ex. Puett & Gross-Loh’s “The Path”).
• Virtue (Sila): Refers to ethical action or training. 
• Energy (Viriya): Literally "manliness", referring to the energy of a strong man or a hero. Often translated as vigor, exertion or effort.  
• Wisdom (Pañña)
• Wandering in circles, Cycle of wandering (Samsara)
• Five obstacles (nivarana). Usually translated as “five hindrances.”
• Properties (mahabhuta): The four properties of the experience of material reality: solidity, liquidity, heat and air. 
• Knowing and seeing what has come to be (yathabhuta-ñanadassana) 
• Seeing through (vipassana), also often translated as "Insight". 
• Joy (pamojja). Often translated as “gladness”, but I reserve that word for mudita.
• Bliss (piti): Also translated as rapture or pleasure.
• Happiness (sukha)
• Integrity and Conscience (hiri - ottapa): These are often translated as "moral shame" and "fear of wrongdoing" respectively, but I have opted for terms that have less of a negative connotation than "shame" and "fear". 
• Intensity (atapi)
• Unstable (anicca): Usual translation is “impermanent,” and this is not bad, but I feel that "unstable" is more emotionally powerful. Compare: "this bridge is impermanent" with "this bridge is unstable."
• Divine place (brahmavihara)
• Subtle egotism (mana)
• Ways of mindfulness (satipatthana). Common translations include “foundations” or “establishments” of mindfulness.